Elie Wiesel’s “Night”- Journal Entry Essay

Luck is on Wiesel’s Side†I am too old, my son,† he answered. â€Å"Too old to start a new life. Too old to start from scratch in some distant land†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (9)This scene where Elie’s father rejects his son’s request to liquidate everything and flee from the place where the extermination of Jews may occur, reminds me of a vivid conversation I once engaged in, with my two former North Korean grandparents. The Korean War (1950-53) and the Holocaust (1938-45) are in most aspects different, however, there is a heartbreaking similarity existing between the two incidents. That is, the pain of the victims gained from the separation of the family. While reading this novel Night, for several times we questioned the reason why the Jews , despite hearing the Nazi plans of annihilating the entire population dispersed throughout nations, didn’t take chance to flee from the town. As we discussed in class, primarily, the Jews were skeptical that such inhumane incident would take place in the world, until they underwent the incredible agonies both physically and mentally. Secondly, the Jews simply were unable to find some place to leave for. Sure enough, they were unwilling to become homeless even under adverse conditions of life under the hands of the SS officers. (which they didn’t expect to be the holocaust)The first reason pointed above also applies to the families during the Korean War. Subsequent to the outbreak of war, young, strong men were forced to join the army in North Korea. This meant to my North Korean grandfather in his 30s, fighting against the South Koreans was a patriotic obligation. However, he refused to fight, or support the government, and along the group of crowd he realized that the only way of escaping from the ordeal was to abandon his home and flee to the South. Of course, he strongly urged his parents to come along with him. Nevertheless, they responded him by emphasizing him of their old age and their strong will to ensure the safety of the house until the war ends. In spite of my grandfather’s further persuasion, they remained stubborn, and he could do nothing but to leave his parents behind and depart to a distant land. In the novel, I was indeed glad when the Wiesel family encounters their  former maid Maria in Uncle Mendel’s house, Elie refuses her offer of safe shelter in her village. Sure enough, if Elie and his brother went off with her, they might have avoided the terrifying labor camps where their livelihoods were jeopardized. However, I feel that wouldn’t be worse than the guilt of deserting one’s own blood and flesh. Although we must take in consideration of Wiesel witnessing his father’s death, he is aware that keeping silence is the optimal choice that wouldn’t exacerbate the situation, whereas my grandparents made the decision by themselves, to abandon their parents and friends with their own two feet. (though they weren’t aware that North and South would be completely divided)My grandparents have always regretted the decision they’ve made. They felt deep remorse in leaving their parents for their own good. My grandfather, for years, too k alcohol as a catharsis to his mental pains, and my grandmother would frequently break into tears by the tragic separation and the gnawing guilt at her premature decision. For the several decades of their life, they have been hoping to see their loved ones again through the many channels of communication including telephone, letters, the media or family visits that existed in the recent years. Unfortunately, they never reached in contact with them. Bearing in mind the threatens of the authority of its propaganda, the government in Pyongyang is preventing personal exchanges as much as it can, for they are unwilling to permit individuals from the estranged parts of the country to meet in person. For fifty years, they lived a life without hearing from their parents and relatives. My grandfather unfortunately passed away two years ago due to cancer, and his cemetery is located in the closest area to the border between North and South Korea. Luck is on Wiesel’s side for he can stay with his father in the labor camps, which definitely gives him a meaning to his life and thus he gains the hope, support and the reason to survive. If I were put in his shoes at the start of the novel, and had to make a choice between labor camps and abandoning parents, I would have chosen the former categorically.

The Modern Presidency of Theodore Roosevlet

Despite ridicule from his educated and respectable friends, Roosevelt entered politics immediately after graduating from Harvard College in 1880. In 1881,Roosevelt showed the strength of his intention by winning election to the New York State Assembly. He gained reelection twice before personal tragedy, On February 14,1884, in a tragic coincidence, Roosevelt†s young wife died in childbirth just hours after the death of his beloved mother. Emotionally shattered, Roosevelt left politics and fled New York for the Dakota Territory. In 1886, after a disastrous winter demolished most of his cattle herd, Roosevelt returned east to politics, his first love. For the next 12 years, he held various government positions, from Civil Service Commissioner to Assistant Secretary of the Navy. When the United States went to war against Spain in 1898, Roosevelt resigned and organized a group of volunteers called the Rough Riders. Their successful assault on San Juan Hill in Cuba made Roosevelt a National hero. He rode his new fame to victory in the 1898 race for governor of New York. When President McKinley prepared to run for reelection in 1900, he needed someone to replace Garret Hobart, his first vice president, who had died in 1899. Roosevelt seemed a logical choice. Basically a man of action, Roosevelt considered the vice presidency a do-nothing position leading to political oblivion. The bosses schemed to kick Roosevelt out of New York to serve as McKinley†s vice president. After he and McKinley won the election, Roosevelt sadly wrote to a friend, â€Å"I do not expect to go any further in politics. † Wherever Roosevelt went he became the center of attention. During the late 1800s, the country had been designated by strong Congresses and relatively weak presidents. Roosevelt reversed that traditional division of power. The new president employed the considerable powers of his office and his own personal magnetism to bypass congressional opposition. In doing so, Roosevelt became the first modern president. In 1902 Roosevelt supported passage of the Newlands Reclamation Act, which authorized the use of federal funds from the sale of public lands to pay for irrigation and land development projects in the dry farms and cities of the West. Under new law, Roosevelt supported the construction of 25irrigation or reclamation projects. Roosevelt also backed efforts to save the nation†s forests by preventing shortsighted lumbering companies from overcutting. He appointed close friend Gifford Pinchot to head the U. S. Forest Service. Like President Roosevelt, Pinchot was a firm believer in resource management, the rational scientific management of natural resources such as forests. He added 150 million acres to the national forests, quadrupling the amount of land they contained. Roosevelt also established five new national parks, created 51 federal bird reservations, and started four national game preserves. Other issues were already on the national agenda when Roosevelt took office. One involved the growth of large trusts, which were giant firms that controlled whole areas of industry by buying up all the companies with which they did business. Buy-outs, takeovers, and mergers reached a feverish pitch between 1897 and 1903. Indeed, by 1899 an elite group of six companies controlled about 95 percent of the railroads in the country. In 1890 Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act, which was designed to prohibit such monopolies, but it had proven hard to enforce. Industrialists simply devised substitute methods of retaining control, for example, the holding company. Holding companies bought controlling shares of stock in the member companies instead of purchasing the companies outright. While the â€Å"held† companies remained separate businesses on paper, in reality the holding company controlled them. In 1902 J. P. Morgan, a powerful banker, had joined with a handful of the nation†s wealthiest men to finance the Northern Securities Company. This holding company combined the stock of the Union Pacific, Northern Pacific, and Burlington railroads to dominate rail service from Chicago to the Pacific Ocean. Roosevelt, deciding that the company was a monopoly in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act, ordered his attorney general to file suit against the company in 1902. In 1904 the Supreme Court, in a 5-4 vote, sided with Roosevelt, ruling that the Northern Securities Company had indeed violated the Sherman Antitrust Act. In May 1902 the United Mine Workers (UMW) called a strike of the miners who dug the anthracite, or hard, coal that fired most of the furnaces in the United States. The UMW hoped to win a 20 percent pay increase and to reduce their long workday to eight hours. They simply refused to negotiate the striking workers. As the reality of a cold winter approached, the shivering public demanded a settlement. President Roosevelt stepped in and urged the union and the owners to accept arbitration. A settlement imposed by an outside party. The minors won a nine-hour workday and a 10 percent pay increase, which was passed along to consumers in the form of higher coal prices. Roosevelt also defended the public interest on consumer issue. The Meat Inspection Act of 1906outlawed misleading labels and dangerous chemical preservatives. Roosevelt agreed that the government, rather than the packers should pay for the inspection. In addition, he dropped the requirement that meat be dated, which would have informed consumers about the meat†s age. Quick doctors sold concoctions of alcohol, cocaine, opium, and other drugs that claimed to heal everything from liver ailments to baldness. On the same day that Congress passed the Meat Inspection Act, It also passed the Pure Food and Drug Act. This act prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure or falsely labeled food and drugs in interstate commerce. The food and Drug Administration (FDA) was not established until much later in 1938. Roosevelt decided not to run for reelection in 1908, Instead, Roosevelt chose his fellow Republican, William Howard Taft, an experienced diplomat and administrator to run for president on the Republican ticket. Taft, a large, slow-moving, but extremely intelligent man, ran a mild-mannered campaign. Nevertheless, thanks to Roosevelt†s energetic efforts on his behalf, Taft won the election. Although he had none of Roosevelt†s flair, Taft carried out- and went beyond-many of his predecessor†s policies. In only four years as president, Taft prosecuted almost twice as many trusts as did Roosevelt in nearly eight years, including two of the most powerful, Standard Oil and the American Tobacco Company. He expanded the number of acres of national forests. He supported laws requiring mine owners to improve safety. He established the Children†s Bureau, a federal agency that protected the rights and interests of children. By 1912 Roosevelt had become completely disillusioned with Taft, he was upset over Taft†s failure to exert strong public leadership. With a new presidential eledion on the horizon, Roosevelt wondered if Taft was enough of a progressive activists to warrant his continued support.

Business Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Environment - Essay Example Others macroeconomic factors like production, inflation, employment, investment, domestic income, international business relationships etc are discussed in Macro Economics (Childs, D, and Deitrich, S. 2003). P4: Economics can be described as social science. It is a study of how individuals, households, firms, consumers, nations maximizes there profit with limited resources and availabilities. In economics way we can term it as generating characteristics or optimizing their behaviours. Optimizing or maximizing behaviour means generating more gain for the concerned authorities with limited amount of resources. So in this type of economic social science people came to know how to utilize the limited resources to reach the targeted result. For example for an individual household it is like distributing their limited resource (income) into several household goods and services to gain maximum satisfaction for the all family members. It’s very hard for the households to decide (what to buy and how much to buy?) to maximize their satisfaction level. Three economic systems are Capitalist Economy or free market economy, Socialist Economy or state-run economy and mixed economy or public sector economy. Examples of free market economy are United States Economy. For socialist economy or command economy example can be North Korean economy and for mixed economy it can be United Kingdom’s Economy. In a free market economy capitalist society runs with the method of free organization network. Government’s role in this economy is like- Whenever government get a chance to promote competition it does that. Clear all the restrictions for the organizations to operate in a free market. To control the free competitions government should intervene with the market time to time. Sometimes government interventions motivate free market economy so that other way it wouldn’t be possible. In a command economy government role in it is very prominent and strict. For c apitalist economy where government had minimum role in the economy but for socialist one government plays a huge role regarding markets rules and regulations. Nations with this system not only dislike free economic systems but also they made strict law against it. In this system all the productions units and natural resource are controlled by government and no private organizations are allowed to do that. Another economic system where simultaneously free economic system and socialist economic system works is known as mixed economy. There two sectors private and public resides simultaneously. Here private sector can work as a free market entity in broader economic and political restrictions. Main four questions for any economy is ‘what to produce’, ’how to produce’, ’when to produce’ and ’whom to produce’. All the country cannot produce everything by them. Resources are limited and fixed in this world. If a country wants to produ ce everything by them then that country will not going to make a single thing perfectly and because of lack of resources in middle of the work everything will be stopped or jeopardise. P5 To acquire certain economic goal government policies regarding taxation, current account deficits, subsidiaries and other financial matters which are under government’

Reading summaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading summaries - Essay Example For example, it could be said that teenage mothers are actually unhealthy in different aspects. Their present condition may be attributed to unaddressed dysfunctions in their emotional lives as well as family lives. Having emotional dysfunction then makes them more vulnerable to other dysfunctions in society that culminate in their making the wrong decision. According to Lupton (2012), different classes of women interpret the expectations of society in different ways. For women who have financial support, and are not unduly worried about making good salaries, they may welcome the advice to discipline their bodies and define any strictures as health-inducing. For women who have few resources, though, encouraging a discipline-based regiment will merely seem to be yet another additional burden that they have to bear. According to Macvarish (2010), teenage mothers will have a different definition of health that is based on their experiences in life. In the absence of a real depiction of what constitutes real health, they are more likely to define health as being a state of being that is defined by luck, and not any behaviors of self-preservation maintained on an individual’s

Applying Organizational Management to Work and Life Term Paper

Applying Organizational Management to Work and Life - Term Paper Example 2. Corporate culture also affects talent management and the overall success of the organization. B. Explain the effect of power and influence on leadership 1. Effective leaders use their personal power rather than position power. C. Explain the centrality that ethics has to leadership within organizations 1. Ethics provide a set of principles that guide leaders in making decisions. III. Viewing the course learning outcomes in light of my experience in the army A. The U.S. Army follows the transformational leadership style wherein a leader can influence followers to transcend self-interests and commit themselves to excellence. B. Not all managers are leaders. C. A good leader is one who can switch instinctively between leadership styles based on the people and work that they are dealing with. IV. Applying the course learning outcomes to my personal and professional goals A. Use my influence and power to provide the best qualified LNLs who can assist military units in Afghanistan in th eir varied and complex missions. B. Ensure that the corporate culture within the organization encourages creative talent, sincerity and trust. C. Be sensitive to cultural differences and maintain ethical responsibility. V. Insight that I gained from this course A. The organizational culture established by leaders is key to organizational success VI. Conclusion A. Organizational management is a complex process. However, its success rests on leaders who provide a supportive culture for employees to feel committed to achieving organizational goals. Applying Organizational Management in Work and Life Organizational management has been a subject of great interest to me. Since I have worked in the army for twenty two years in a supervisory role and I am currently working as a site manager for the linguist program in Afghanistan, I have been able to look back at my experience and compare and contrast it with what I learnt in this course. In simple terms, organizational management is define d as, â€Å"the process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the efforts of organizational members and resources to achieve stated organizational goals† (Schermerhorn, 2002, p. 9). As part of their roles, organizational managers need to achieve certain specified goals and thereby ensure that each person does their part in unity and integrity. To achieve this, managers need to make decisions and resolve problems on a daily basis. These decisions are made to benefit the organization and improve organizational performance. Although, organizational management is an extremely complex process, organizational success depends on leaders who establish a supportive culture within the organization to ensure that employees are committed to achieving the goals of the organization. Three course learning outcomes important to me After reviewing the course learning outcomes, I feel that the following three learning outcomes are very important because they form the foundation, bas ed on which a leader would try to find solutions to address any given problem in an organization: 1. Analyze the ways leadership is affected by corporate culture, personal values, globalization and outcomes performance According to Rue (2001), a noted ethicist and educator, â€Å"Values are the essence of who we are as human beings. Our values get us out of bed every morning, help us

Social Costs of Ethanol Production Research Proposal

Social Costs of Ethanol Production - Research Proposal Example Experiments prove that ethanol results in lesser pollution risk to potable water. (Ethanol As A transportation Fuel, n.d.) However, in spite of so many advantages, ethanol production has some global implications, too. The shift towards biofuels is a threat to forests and biodiversity, the increase in food prices, along with the competition for water resources as a negative impact of the use of biofuels. Therefore, a research can be designed that can assess the consumer awareness in USA and the people's attitude towards the social cost of ethanol production. In order to do any research, one needs to develop research methods. It comprises a variety of planned and scientific techniques that are value neutral. It is designed to maximise the accuracy of results. First and foremost thing required for an effective research is a proper representative of the researched population through effective sampling, in order to ensure that it is the proper representation of the population under study. (What Are Research Methods, April 2008) Methodology also involves what type of information and data to gather, and the choice of information along with other methodological choices. The proposed research is an inductive one, where generalisation can be made based on the response of the sample. It is also going to be a cross sectional survey, where the response of population would be made on a single time frame. (What is Methodology, n.d.) The proposed research is based on questionnaire and interview that will help in the proper response. The research is intended to measure awareness amongst a group of people from varying educational background, age, income, household location, gender, etc. Before commencing on the final research, a pilot study is intended to eradicate any flaws in the questionnaire, interview techniques or variable selection. Sampling The population being Unites States of America, sample should be designed such that there is proper representation from all regions. So, it is better to stratify the population so that every region is represented through the sample. However, it is not feasible to represent each and every state in the sampling frame, therefore, it is better to choose thousand people from the most populated states of USA. The respondents will be chosen from the registered voters, according to the variables used in the research. The type of sampling that will be effective is area random sampling or cluster sampling. First the population will be divided into clusters representing each geographical boundary. Then, the randomly clusters will be selected accordingly, in order to measure all the units within the sampled clusters. Once this is selected, the sample will be interviewed on the basis of the questionnaire, and if it is not possible to interview, they will me mailed the questionnaire, which they will fill up and data will be analysed quantitatively and qualitatively, based on the answers. (Probability Sampling, October 2006) Variables For sample selection, a number of variables will be used. The first variable for data analysis is the gender, whether male or female, age and travel patterns. Age will categorised as 18-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70, 71-80 and above 80 years of age. The traveling pattern

Capital Punishment - Arbitrary by Nature Dissertation

Capital Punishment - Arbitrary by Nature - Dissertation Example As the paper declares the charge that death penalty sentences are arbitrary is certainly nothing new. That phrase was undoubtedly used most notably by Justice Douglas in writing the majority opinion for Furman v. Georgia, the famous 1972 Supreme Court decision that outlawed (temporarily) all federal and state executions. Justice White also focused on the arbitrariness of the application of capital punishment, including the appearance of racial bias against black defendants. The court also called executions capricious. It seems incomprehensible that implementation of the ultimate punishment could be administered in a way that is impulsive, unpredictable, or erratic. This dicussion stresses that Former Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart compared the arbitrariness of the death penalty to the freakishness of being struck by lightning. Ironically, that appraisal has proven eerily accurate since, in the last five years, an average of 78 people have been executed in the United States annually; while, in one recent year, 76 Americans were struck by lightning. Despite these strong legal views regarding the death penalty, the moratorium put in place by the Supreme Court in 1972 ended in 1977 with the execution of Gary Gilmore. It has been widely assumed by the general public that the rationale for pursuing the death penalty in cases - and an execution being ordered - is based primarily on the brutality of the crime or number of victims. If that were true, the death penalty would seem far less arbitrary.

Brand Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Brand Management - Term Paper Example ..9 Brand Positioning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Brand Value†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 Current Scenario†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..12 Conclusion & Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.14 Introduction A Brand is the identity of a particular product or service, which distinguishes it from other products. The concept of branding has gained a lot of importance with the passage of time and nowadays branding has become an essential part of marketing for many companies. Nowadays, everything from a product to a person is a brand (Parameswaran, 2006). In this report, I will discuss the effectiveness of Nokia as a brand and evaluate it on various criteria that form the basis of brand management. Brand Management: Brand management understands what a ‘brand’ actually is and an approach to managing it in a way that it creates value for a company (Miller & Muir, 2004). A brand is the differentiating factor between two products which makes it special and gives it a competitive edge. A brand put forwards a promise which defines what the product has to offer to its customers. Marketers cr eate a proper image of the brand through visual images, logos, etc so that a customer can identify with it. Hence, brand management is a comprehensive process starting from understanding the brand to maintaining its image. Brand management can be simplified into 3 steps: First step is to create a promise i.e. understanding the brand and what it has to offer and defining it to the customer. Next is to make that promise which is how the image of the brand is created to register in the minds of the customers. Last is to keep the promise i.e. no brand can only survive on its name. A brand survives on what it offers to its customers and more. So brand management is also about living the promise of the brand till it exists. There are various ways to evaluate the effectiveness of a brand. The most important criteria are: Brand Image: A brand has a personality and a promise and the impression or image of that personality in the mind of a consumers’ mind of a brand’s character is known as brand image. Brand image is the overall impression of a brand that a consumer acquires from various sources. For example while purchasing a car Nissan would be associated with style, while Toyota is associated with reliability. Brand image is based on the fact that customer’s buying decision is associated with the image of the product and the customer is purchasing that set of beliefs (the image) that he has about the product. So a brand image should be positive and distinctive. Various promotional tools can be used to strengthen bran image like advertising, packaging etc. Brand Positioning: Positioning refers to how a product appears in the eyes of the target market as compared to other products

A Critique of Paradise Lost (Domestic Division) by TERRY MARTIN HEKKER Essay

A Critique of Paradise Lost (Domestic Division) by TERRY MARTIN HEKKER - Essay Example But in its efforts to tie in the author’s experience with the greater debate on women’s choices regarding family and career, the article offers nothing really new except probably with the shocking revelation that even women into their 60s, almost forever married by today’s standards could still be dumped by their husbands. Furthermore, some of the arguments pertaining to the debate tend to be contradictory or ambivalent. Hekker succeeds in making a significant emotional pitch for presenting herself as a cautionary tale of a woman who though, already in her four decades of marriage and well into her senior years could still be discarded by her husband with all the emotional and financial hardships of dealing with the aftermath. The article mostly centers on her case alone, and in a passing reference, to those of her two friends who were also divorced by their husbands and which she remarkably noted that among them, â€Å"they’d been married for 110 years†. What makes the article even more poignant is that the author wryly compared herself and her friends to â€Å"outdated kitchen appliances†: â€Å"Like them†, she wrote, â€Å"we were serviceable, low maintenance, front loading, self-cleaning and (relatively) frost free. Also like them we had warranties that had run out. Our husbands sought sleeker models with features we lacked who could execute tasks wed either never le arned or couldnt perform without laughing.† It is indeed quite shocking and repulsive to note that there are men, for example the author’s ex-husband who could treat a marriage of forty long years like it was nothing – although the husband’s reasons for leaving the marriage are not revealed to the readers, the sympathy goes to the author who watched herself struggled financially while her husband gallivanted with his new wife in Mexico. However the article’s main strength which is its emotional appeal of how men could abandon women also

BP Oil Marketing Plan(The Gulf of Mexico oil spill) Assignment

BP Oil Marketing Plan(The Gulf of Mexico oil spill) - Assignment Example The paper also suggests a marketing plan that can be adopted by the company to help recover from the ‘marketing disaster’ as well as try to regain its position in the markets. First it is crucial to gain a complete overview of the disaster – ‘Deep Water Horizon’. Overview of Disaster One of the largest marine oil accidents was seen on 20th April 2010. The oil spill went on to flow for a total of three months in the Gulf of Mexico. The explosion claimed eleven lives and injured seventeen people. The oils spill started from the sea floor oil gusher. Methane gas was found to be released from the well with high pressures and this went up into the drill column (Cleveland, 2011). The methane gas expanded on the platform and led to the explosion. The fire was intense and was not doused which led to the Deep Water Horizon to sink after 36 hours. The Deep Water was built in 2001, and was managed by BP in the Gulf of Mexico. The spill as a whole has caused exte nsive damage to the wildlife, as well as marine habitats and also damaged hundreds of miles of sea shore as well. The spill led to the close down of several small businesses in the fishing and tourism industry since tar balls were found to be present in the nets (Cleveland, 2011). ... This provides a date wise record of government and non government estimates. Estimates of Flow Rate of Oil in Spill (Cleveland, 2011) The overall impact of the spill has been intense, and the impact will be felt for years to come. Although in the current times, the main issue being faced is the spill on the sea shore and the dead marine and wildlife, this spill will have a major irreparable damage to the Gulf Stream and can cause global thermoregulation activities as well (Zangari, 2010). The damage has been caused to the environment as well as the company. BP has been faced with a major issue here as due to lack communication. A study concluded, â€Å"Better management of decision-making processes within BP and other companies, better communication within and between BP and its contractors and effective training of key engineering and rig personnel would have prevented the Macondo incident† (Belokas, 2011). Macro Environmental Factors Considering the major impact the spill ha s had on the company and the world as a whole, it is crucial to gain a detailed understanding of the environmental factors that can impact the strategic plans of the company. Here for the macro environmental factors, a SWOT and PESTLE analysis of the company has been developed. This helps gain a clearer idea of factors impacting the company and affecting the ability of the company to regain the position in the US of A markets. SWOT Analysis of BP Strengths: BP is one of the largest oil and Petroleum Company in the world The company has used a wide range of strategies pertaining the marketing of their refined products, trading gas, and also the liquefied natural gas and British Petroleum has grown to become a common household name. Wide spread operations and increasingly

On Becoming a Leader Essay Example for Free

On Becoming a Leader Essay The book I chose to review is â€Å"On Becoming a Leader† by Warren Bennis. At the crux of this book is a search to understand how leaders are made. Throughout the book, the author tries to prove through polls and observations, that leaders are not born but are made through a combination of nature and nurture. Leaders who excel tend to have similar characteristics which have been developed by a series of experiences in their lives (these include embracing mistakes, taking risks and learning from adversity). Another idea discussed in the book is that of the role of education in making leaders. Bennis notes a number of qualities and abilities that are common amongst the leaders he interacts with. Some of those are relating well to others, trusting others and in turn being trustworthy, the ability to motivate people and to not give up, inspiration and competence in the job. However, he claims that a major problem in business leadership is the â€Å"societal disease of our time† (as said by Norman Lear to him) short term thinking. He highlights throughout the book that this form of thinking is not beneficial to organizations and that a good leader should be able to look further and not give the short term too much importance. At one point he claims that short term thinking is what kills one of the most important attributes a leader must have innovation. The author mentions that leaders are important to an organization since they are of paramount importance to the operational performance, stability and integrity of the organization. To this end, Warren Bennis presents in a systematic manner various attributes that are required of a leader to be able to perform well. The first attribute discussed is the ability to â€Å"Master the context†. In this chapter, the author discusses the fact that a leader must be able to understand the reasons and outcomes of different situations. Only once he has managed this, will he be able to act in the best possible way for his organization. This is in line with what we have learned throughout our course regarding improving one’s self-awareness as well as the 4 perspectives of organizational effectiveness. A leader must be able to understand the context of work and respond by being aware that he needs to look after different perspectives of people and systems related to the organization. The second thing discussed is â€Å"understanding the basics†, which is quite similar to mastering the context. In this, Warren Bennis explains that leaders need to understand the underlying concepts at work before making decisions. He lists a series of attributes that can be found in most leaders including self-knowledge, passion, vision and trust. He argues that most of the leaders are not born with these attributes but life experiences and a desire to lead people enables them to develop a good understanding of this. Their drive to acquire and learn are much higher than on average and they actively pursue these drives while taking risks and placing lesser importance on their drive for safety. In this he also discusses the difference between managing people and leading them. We have gone through various topics related directly to this effect in class. According to me, one of the strongest drives an individual has is the drive to safety. An individual would be much more comfortable if they can trust their leader. The ability to understand the thought process of their leader and their belief/trust in him helps shore up their drive for safety. Across cultures, people tend to avoid uncertainty and if a leader is able to, through knowledge and an understanding, provide people with an image of consistency; it goes a long way in settling people and reducing stress. The third lesson is â€Å"knowing yourself†. Warren Bennis argues that in order to lead others, one must fully understand themselves. To be able to trust your decisions/inner feelings is extremely important for leading people and making correct choices. The author goes on to highlight 4 lessons that enable an individual to understand themselves. They are â€Å"you are your own best teacher†, â€Å"accept responsibility†, â€Å"you can learn anything you want to learn† and â€Å"true understanding comes from reflecting on your own experience†. All these lessons are at the core of organizational behavior as we have learnt. These 4 lessons can apply even to organizations as well as being useful for individuals. Self-concept is an important part of an individual’s make up and to feed that we must be able to reflect on our past experiences to learn from them. Social learning, learning through reinforcement and learning through experience are discussed as important factors of learning in organizations in our course. I believe this same applies to individuals as they are able to develop their social identity and self-concept through these lessons. Next, the author discusses â€Å"Knowing the world†. This takes a similar route to the previous subject of knowing yourself, while developing a greater scope to the understanding. Cultural understanding is an extremely important attribute in a leader. In an increasingly diverse workforce coupled with increasing globalization, a leader must have the ability to and desire to understand various cultures and behaviors. Values and behavior are very different for different cultures, and a lot of organizations have failed due to the incompatible understanding of their leaders. The HP-Compaq merger was a major case where while it was beneficial financially and operationally for the companies to merge, their leaders were not able to fully adapt the two company’s cultures properly, causing the merger to have not performed anywhere near expectations. One point that I found particularly interesting and felt that was very important was the need for a person to find a mentor who can help them enhance and shape their cultural understanding. The social learning aspect discusses similar concepts, where a person learns from someone whom they aspire to be. Being able to find a mentor who has an in depth understanding of cultures, or at least has a desire to learn cultural differences can help an individual become a more complete leader. The next thought discussed by the author is â€Å"Operating on instinct†. This discussion focuses on the fact that a good leader should be able to believe in himself and should be able to take decisions from his gut feeling. More often than not a leader and even individuals will have to make decisions without knowing all the details they would like to know. The presence of incomplete information should not make the leader less likely to make a decision. A good leader will have developed enough self-awareness and through self-evaluation and verification be able to rely on his instinct to make the right choice. This enables the leader to be able to quickly and decisively contemplate and decide issues. The next discussion is based on †Deploying yourself†. In this the author talks about the fact that a successful leader is a person who is willing to take on challenges even though he might have failed in earlier challenges. The drive to learn and acquire are, I feel, major contributors to this topic. A good leader will be able to reflect on his past experiences and learn from them; and this gives them confidence to continually drive for newer challenges and tasks. Another topic discussed is â€Å"Moving through chaos†. In this chapter, Warren Bennis describes the difference between all individuals and leaders. He points out that everyone faces problems and issues in their career, but that leaders analyze these problems and tend to learn from these. Conflict resolution can take many forms through third-party conflict resolution or negotiation. Leaders reflect on their conflicts and develop an understanding of how to overcome those challenges. â€Å"Getting people on your side† is the next topic covered. The main point of this discussion, and a very important learning for me personally, is the ability of the leader to be trustworthy. To be trusted, a leader must display consistency in his actions, congruity meaning what they say, reliable to their followers and have a strong integrity. This once again gravitates towards the drive for safety individuals have. To be lead by someone, an individual must trust them to act on their behalf and be able to predict to a certain extent what their leaders will do for them. The concept of romanticizing leadership is down to this ability of leaders. If a leader is able to bring their employees/followers on their side, the leader’s ability to work through tasks and challenges is increased. Even mistakes made by them will be viewed in a positive light, enabling them to continue taking risks. â€Å"Organizations can help or hinder† is the next topic that is discussed. This focuses on the fact different organizations will have different expectations from their leaders. The culture at an organization will dictate how well a leader will be able to lead the organization. A good leader will be able to understand the context of the organization and will try to devise strategies he can implement to make changes. The author also mentions that the leader should try and develop organizational characteristics that are in line with their culture. This also transposes into the last discussion of â€Å"Forging the future†. The impediments faced by leaders in an organization can be very hard, but a good leader will be able to develop his own culture and characteristics to move the organization forward. One major issue I had with this book was that while the author continually refers to short term thinking as a â€Å"societal disease†; he himself to a certain extent subscribes to that notion. His interaction with the leaders seems comparatively very short term. Throughout the statements made in the book, it felt that the interviews were more about successful past rather than forward looking. I understand that one of the major attributes is to learn from experiences but the I’d prefer if the author also focused equally on the leader’s thoughts about the future. Secondly I felt that there was quite a bit of political commentary in the book. I knew that it was going to have some after reading the reviews while selecting the book, but the political leadership aspect seemed to be a comparatively one sided. I feel that the author could have refrained from making this political and focused instead on the corporate leadership aspect.

Nothing but Useless Essay Example for Free

Nothing but Useless Essay I am not a video game addict but many of my acquaintances are. I am not a video game fan simply because I am not good as others at playing with the same enthusiasm and commitment. My acquaintances like playing video games because it helps them relax and feel as if they were kids again. Their children also play video games developed specifically for their age group. Video games develop reaction, problem-solving abilities, attention, and concentration. None of my acquaintances has ever committed a violent act. Video game exists in its virtual space, which does not make claims on real life. Video games get the brunt of the criticism. Our government is anti-video game. Yet, market forces can be the only regulatory mechanisms of violence in video games. Only two or three of the top best-selling video games are violent. Video games have no violent impact on a video gamer. Younger players may be vulnerable to the violent game content when the play video games that are not suitable for their age. Although first person shooter violence is common to video games, it is not likely to promote aggressive behavioral models. Kids play with toy soldiers but nobody thinks that this teaches them violence. Video games cannot be considered violent in relation to age, gender, socio-cultural belonging, and educational level. The reaction to the games content depends on the individuals personal traits. Girls do not react with greater arousal to violent content than boys. At least, no research has found any significant difference. It is unlikely that performing violent actions during the play may cause aggression in kids. Although Grand Theft Auto 3 was banned in Australia because of its graphic violence, it does not mean that it could have influenced the increase in crime rates. The problem is that minors often have uncontrolled access to adult games with violent content. Boys aged 7-12 like action adventure. They develop killing instinct only in virtual games but also in the games they play outdoors. Nevertheless, childrens exposure to violent content targeted at mature video gamers should be restricted by their parents and caregivers. I am defending video gaming on behalf of long-time gamers whose hobby has not turned them into psycho-terminators. Video gamers live in their own world of established video game rules, and they wish they could play safely without being disturbed. Were in the habit of regulating our most innocent activities.

Development of Computer Technology

Development of Computer Technology Nowadays we can hardly see people live without either a desktop computer, a laptop or even a tablet. As we are moving towards a technology free-world era, our lives are literally revolve around technology and technical devices. Technology advancement has no doubt successfully ease people’s life. They have made things function in a more simpler and systematic ways. Imagine an accountant who has pile and pile of paperwork and storing them using the traditional ways? In order to able access old files, these accountants have to search for many files in their archives for ages. However, with the help of computers, these accountants only required to key in their file code, and they can easily retrieve the old files which they required. Hence, the creation of computers in the mid-70s has contributed a lot to the society whereby able to simplify the everyday task of everyone. The term computers is being defined as how a person able to perform numerical calculations with the aid of a computing mechanical devices (Oak, 2011). In the mid-70s, the pivotal objective in creating a computer is to tackle the future paperless office culture, and thus to make the interaction between people and the digital documents easier (Holmquist, 2005). According to Holmquist (2015), the first computer was created in Xerox PARC research lab. However, the computers that we are using todays have been evolved through many generations. Most of us not even realized that the first computer – Abacus, was created in 2400 BC by John Napier (Oak, 2011). The computers which created in the first generation are normally created using vacuum tubes, hence computers in this generation are normally expensive and bulky (Oak, 2011). In the second generation, vacuum tubes computers are replaced by transistor (Oak, 2011). Computers which are created by transistors are smaller and cheaper, and thus they are more energy efficient (Oak, 2011). However, computers build with transistors tend to release a lot of heat from the computers (Oak, 2011). Computers in the third generation are built with integrated circuits, which then evolved to computers that are built with silicon chip in the fourth generation (Oak, 2011). In the fifth generation, more and more evolution have been took place and now it is still continuously developing (Oak, 2011). Hence, in the light of completing the task of this assignment, the product that I would like to choose to enhance is laptop computers. The laptop computer that I have chosen to make modification is Acer Aspire V5 laptop series. The model which I have chosen is Aspire V5-431. The reason I chose this series of laptop computer is because this design of this laptop is nice, and laptop also comes with a reasonable price where everyone is able to afford to purchase. This motto of the design of this series of laptop is â€Å"thin, light and charismatic† (Acer, 2014). The size of this laptop is 23mm in height, 342mm in width, and 245mm in depth (Acer, 2014). The weight of this laptop is approximately 2.10kg (Acer, 2014). According to Acer (2014), the operating system of this laptop is â€Å"Linpus Linux†, processor’s manufacturer is â€Å"Intel†, the processor type is â€Å"Celeron† with the processor model of 1007U and the processor speed is 1.50GHz. This series of laptop possess â€Å"Dual-core† processor core. Besides that, this series of laptop possess 2GB memory which can maximize to 8GB (Acer, 2014). The memory technology which is being used in this laptop is DDR3 SDRAM (Acer, 2014). This laptop only have 2 memory slots, and it also possess memory card reader (Acer, 2014). The type of memory card which can be read by this laptop are MultiMediaCard (MMC) and Secure Digital (SD) (Acer, 2014). Moreover, the hard drive capacity of this laptop is 500GB with a hard drive interface of â€Å"Serial ATA†, and it also has a DVD writer (Acer, 2014). The screen size of this laptop is 14†, the display screen type is â€Å"Active Matrix TFT Color LCD† with HD screen mode and LED backlight technology (Acer, 2014). The screen resolution is 1366 x 768, Intel is the graphic controller manufacturer, and the graphic controller model is HD graphics (Acer, 2014). The graphic memory technology which is being used is DDR3 SDRAM (Acer, 2014). The network and communication of this laptop is using IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n for wireless LAN standard, Gigabit Ethernet for Ethernet technology, and the Bluetooth standard is 4.0+ HS (Acer, 2014). The built-in devices for this laptop are webcam and microphone (Acer, 2014). This laptop also equipped with HDMI interfaces, 3 USB ports (two USB 2.0 ports and one USB 3.0 port), and an Acer converter port (Acer, 2014). The input devices for this laptop are touchpad and keyboard (Acer, 2014). The type of battery use for this laptop is 4-cell Li-ion battery with a battery capacity of 2500 mAh, and the maximum battery run time is 4 hour (Acer, 2014). There are certain features I would like to add to this model, they are stylus pen, built-in printer and scanner, as well as using finger print to log in to laptop. With these features being installed in this laptop, this laptop will be suitable to be used by all kind of people. For example, it can bring benefits to businessmen, as they often required to print and scan important documents. Besides businessmen, even students or all class of people also able to benefit from using this laptop. Apart from that, with these features even all age range of people also can benefit from these features. 1. Stylus Pen Due to nowadays laptop possess touch screen, hence, it is wise to have a stylus pen being installed in this model of laptop. For instance, stylus pen made signing for documents, painting, drawing, and sketching easier (eBay, 2013). Moreover, for people who used to draw draft will be easier when using stylus pen. This is because stylus pen allow us to precisely do drafting. Moreover, for businessmen who always travel for business may find it useful because they can draw at any place and any time (Market Press Release, 2012). In fact, Matulic (2012) suggests that this innovation able to gain huge public acceptance. 2. Built-in printer and scanner Apart from the stylus pen, another new features that I propose to be added are built-in printer and scanner. This because for travel type of businessmen, it will be extreme troublesome for them to search for a print shop in a city which they are not familiar with. Though they are familiar with the city they are travelling, it is also difficult for them to find a printer shop in the middle of the night. Moreover, it also easier for them to print urgent documents at any place (Idea Storm, 2014). With the built-in scanner, it is easier for them to scan company documents which they have verified or signed to the recipient. These features able to save a lot of their time. 3. Use fingerprint to log in to laptop With lot of scam and fraud cases happened everyday, it is wise to use fingerprint to log in to laptop. With all the booming security issues, it is hopefully that with the install of fingerprint reader, this security issues could be tackle. The sole reason I propose this new feature is because everyone’s fingerprint is unique. No one has the same fingerprint. Hence, except the owner of the laptop, no one can have access to the laptop. Most of the time we will only lock our laptop using self-created password, however, password can be hacked (Berg, 2012). It means that by locking our laptop using password is very vulnerable. Besides that, using biometric password also bring benefit to people who often have trouble in remembering their self-created password (Burleson Consulting, 2014). Moreover, Heckle, Patrick Ozok (2007) study suggest that there are 88 percent of respondents say that using fingerprint to tackle personal security issue is very useful. The old features of this laptop actually should all be maintained. This is because people nowadays always like to bring their portable laptop computers everywhere they go, so that they will be able to do their work on the go. Besides that, there are analysts suggested that the demand for laptop computers in the emerging markets are still booming (King, 2011). According to King (2011), the market share for the demand of laptop computers have jumped approximately as much as 5.1 percent. The originally built-in features of this laptop – i.e. webcam and microphone, as well as the touchpad will still be maintained. For webcam, there are still people who used it to have video conferencing or teleconferencing. Besides that, microphone also comes in handy for people who are conducting video communication or telecommunication (Herman, 2009). For example, people who are using Skype in order to be able to communicate with their opponents will still require both of the webcam and microphone (Sherman, 2014). Lack of one of the tools above – i.e. webcam and microphone, will disable their medium of communication. Besides that, as for the touchpad, the creation of touchpad is to replace the use of a mouse. Since laptop is a portable computer, the creation of touchpad has saved the users a lot of energy in carrying an extra mouse (Crowder, 2014). Moreover, touchpad able to solve ergonomic issues, whereby users will feel more comfortable compared to the use of a mouse in a long term period (Hartman, 2014). Hence, the originally built-in features – i.e. webcam and microphone, as well as the touchpad should be remained. Moreover, the DVD-writer should not be removed, though it is kind of old school. However, there are still times we required to install computer’s software programs or games through DVD. Indeed Apple did release an iMac with no optical drive, as indicated by Apple’s senior vice president of worldwide marketing – Phil Schiller, in their product release conference in June 2010, by dropping the optical drive able to save more power consumed by the iMac (Zibreg, 2012). However, there are still users who find that without the installation of an optical drive on their laptop will be troublesome, as they cannot install software programs or games or play movie from CD or DVD, instead they need to download them all from the internet (The Answer Bank, 2014). So, what if the users have trouble in receiving the internet conception due to the place they are staying? Hence, I find that there are no more other features that should be removed from this laptop computer. The featur es or functions that are with this laptop are all serve their purpose in making this laptop computer to be aligned with the theme as â€Å"portable†. The principles that will be adopted in designing this new generation of laptop computers are technology acceptance model (TAM) and the six philosophy of Steve Jobs. 1. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) First of all, what is technology acceptance model or TAM? TAM actually is the being extended from the theory of reasoned action (TRA) (Davis, 1986). The TRA suggests that the intention of an individual will have the impact in affecting one behavior (Park del Pobil, 2013). TAM is being used to explain the factors which able to affect one to use IT technology (Davis, 1989, 1993; Davis, Bagozzi Warshaw, 1989). In TAM there are five elements being tested, they are perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), attitude (AT), intention to use (IU), and external variables (EV) (Park del Pobil, 2013). PEOU is how one perceive that the use of technology is effortless; PU is how one perceive that the use of technology able help them to solve their problem; both PEOU and PU as well as the external variables such as age or gender have the ability to influence one’s attitude towards technology (Park del Pobil, 2013). In the study conducted by Park del Pobil (2013), their study conform that these five elements possess the ability in influencing their acceptance on technology. 2. Six philosophy of Steve Jobs As Kuang (2011) identified, the key principles for Steve Jobs to design a product are â€Å"craft†, â€Å"empathy†, â€Å"focus†, â€Å"impute†, â€Å"user-friendliness†, and â€Å"simple†. According to Steve Jobs, though no one will ever find out what is inside the laptop, but it is important for the designer to craft the best elements to their consumers (Kuang, 2011). Hence, it is important for the designer to be empathy with the end users’ needs, then the designer should focus on to make the end users’ needs meet (Kuang, 2011). Impute is the first impression that the end users gain from the first glance of the product. Therefore, it is important for the designer to deliver the product in a professional manner in order to gain the positive impute from their potential consumers. Besides that, the product should be designed in a way that it is user friendliness (Kuang, 2011). This is because, if the first impression that the end users gain from the first glance of the product is uncomfortable and complicated. This â€Å"perceived† feeling will draw them for not purchasing the product, because it is not user friendliness. In spite of having the product being designed in a user friendly way, the product should also be designed in a way whereby the end users will feel that it is â€Å"simple† (Kuang, 2011). Simplicity is also one of the important elements for the end users to decide whether they should purchase the product or not. In short, the key principles that should be adopted in designing the new generation computers should possess both the elements from TAM as well as the key principles from Steve Jobs. Though there are plenty of principles that can be adopted, but I find that both the elements from TAM as well as the key principles from Steve Jobs are very useful in guiding one to design a product which able to gain wider public acceptance. In summary, as we are moving towards a technology free-world era, our lives are literally revolve around technology and technical devices. Technology advancement has no doubt successfully ease people’s life. They have made things function in a more simpler and systematic ways. In order to accomplish this assignment, the laptop computer that I have chosen to make modification is Acer Aspire V5 laptop series. The model which I have chosen is Aspire V5-431. The reason I chose this series of laptop computer is because this design of this laptop is nice, and laptop also comes with a reasonable price where everyone is able to afford to purchase. The features that I would like to propose to be added to this laptop computer are stylus pen, built-in printer and scanner, as well as using finger print to log in to laptop. With these features being installed in this laptop, this laptop will be suitable to be used by all kind of people. However, I find that the old features that are with this laptop computers should all be remained. As these old features do serve their purpose in making the laptop computer as a whole. There two principles which I have adopted in designing this new generation laptop computer. They are the five elements from TAM – i.e. perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), attitude (AT), intention to use (IU), and external variables (EV), and the six principles from Steve Jobs in designing computer products.

Indo-Anglican Novel: Meena Shirwadkar Essay examples -- indian women

With the advent of the 20th century, the change in the statue and spirit of women has been noted by sociologists. In post-independence India, when women’s education commenced, life had started changing. The spread of education inculcated a sense of individuality among women and aroused an interest in their rights. The early writers presented the traditional type (sita) but the writers tried to show the emerging new woman. The new woman does not want to lead a passive married life of a sacrificial and shadowy creature because the education has matured her sense of individuality. R.K.Narayanan portrays a wide range of feminine characters from conventional to rebellious. Mulk Raj Anand wrote for the emancipation of women. Moreover feminist trends appeared on the horizon and they came into conflict with the conventional moral code. The image of woman in literature in recent decades is different from that of the past. Indian English fiction writers during the last two decades of th e 20th century provide a glimpse into the female psyche and deal with a full range of feminine experience. A study of the recent Indian English fiction reveals that the female protagonists are quite conscious of their identity and are no longer meek and submissive. There is a marked difference in their attitude as compared to the portrayal of woman in early literature. In ‘Images of woman in Indo-Anglican Novel’, Meena Shirwadkar claims the changes in Indian society. Novels have started to progress from depicting women characters solely as epitomes of suffering and womanly virtue as portraying more complex as well as real characters. In the recent years, this was taken to understand that writing was the only preference made by women. Through this medium of ex... ...ndian women novelists advocates independence and assertiveness of women by depicting their characters as survivors who successfully bear torment both physical and emotional. They must raise their voice against the brutalities and violence which is caused by the society. They tend to rebuke the male dominating society which discourages self-reliance in women. Works Cited: Seshadri, Vijayalakshmi. The New women in India- English Women Writers Since the 1970. Delhi: B.R. Publishing Corporation. 1995. Lakshmi C.S. The Face behind the mask : Women in Tamil literature, Stosius Inc/Advent Books Division ,1984. Shirwadkar, Meena. ‘Image of Woman in Indo-Anglican Novel’, Sterling Publishers Pvt., Ltd., 1979. Dhawan, R.K. ed ‘Indian Literature Today’. New Delhi: Prestige Books, 1994. Iyengar, K. R. S. ‘Indian Writing in English’ , New Delhi : Sterling Publication, 1985.

Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun :: essays research papers

The Younger family is an African-American family living on the South Side of Chicago in the 1950s. Walter Lee Younger’s father has passed away, leaving ten thousand dollars from life insurance. This drama deals with how the family copes with this money, their dreams, race, and each other. During the play, Mama says, â€Å"Sometimes you just have to know when to give up some things†¦and hold on to what you got.† This statement relates to Walter, Beneatha, and Mama’s lives, because they each learn to give up and hold onto things. In the end, Beneatha holds onto what ideally should be important. Through Asagai, she realizes that she is slowly being assimilated into the American culture, which is shown by her unnaturally straight hair. After Agasai questions her hair, she cuts it, and later stands up for her heritage before George. This shows she holds onto her heritage and takes pride in it. In scene three she shows she holds onto her dream of becoming a doctor, and also her family, along with Asagai. Throughout the play Beneatha must also give up things. In holding on to her heratige, she gives up material things. Along with this she must give up George Murchison. She can’t accept his negativity about expressing their African heritage. She learns what to give up and hold onto mostly through Asagai. He helps her find her identity, which is just what she is looking for. She holds onto what is dear to her and what helps her explore herself. Walter is a very troubled individual. He believes that everything can be solved with money. By the end of the play, however, that belief is let go. He now believes that a close-knit family can solve much more than money. He rekindles his relationship with his wife, Ruth, and realizes how important she really is in his life. Momentarily, he gives up his family’s pride to the idea of Mr. Linder’s offer of more money, but when the time eventually does come for him to make the decision, he realizes how important it is to his family, and he decides to hold onto pride and give up money even after Willy Harris ran off with the money. Walter tries to hold onto his dream of owning a liquor store and making a lot of money for his family, but lets it go after losing the money and realizing family is more important.

Provoking Revenge In Hamlet Essay example -- essays research papers

Storming into the palace and throwing accusations at Claudius, Laertes reveals he is impulsive. Laertes anger is due to the dishonor that has been inflicted on his family by Polonius’s murder. Claudius takes advantage of the sudden appearance of Laertes, by provoking Laertes into assisting him in plotting Hamlet’s murder. Shakespeare uses Laertes not only as a catalyst in the story, but as a contrast to the pensive Hamlet. Both men seek the same kind of justice but chose different paths to attain it. Laertes acts on anger without thinking, but Hamlet waits, debating the consequence of committing murder. Laertes function is to contrast Hamlet’s sensibility with his incensed spontaneity.Claudius manipulates to his advantage Laertes lack of hesitation and hot temper. Winning Laertes support by painting Hamlet as a malicious killer Claudius provokes Laertes to avenge Polonius. Claudius gives Laertes initiative to kill Hamlet saying for Hamlet’s "death no wind of blame shall breathe"(227) on the killer. Laertes is eager to "be the organ"(227) that aids Claudius in killing Hamlet, but to make sure Laertes is not "a face without a heart"(231) Claudius questions Laertes love for his father. This is Laertes breaking point. Laertes wants immediate action so that his "revenge will come"(225), not thinking of the consequence. His ability to ignore what will result from his revenge contrasts Hamlet’s turmoil over killing Claudius.Because Hamlet... Provoking Revenge In Hamlet Essay example -- essays research papers Storming into the palace and throwing accusations at Claudius, Laertes reveals he is impulsive. Laertes anger is due to the dishonor that has been inflicted on his family by Polonius’s murder. Claudius takes advantage of the sudden appearance of Laertes, by provoking Laertes into assisting him in plotting Hamlet’s murder. Shakespeare uses Laertes not only as a catalyst in the story, but as a contrast to the pensive Hamlet. Both men seek the same kind of justice but chose different paths to attain it. Laertes acts on anger without thinking, but Hamlet waits, debating the consequence of committing murder. Laertes function is to contrast Hamlet’s sensibility with his incensed spontaneity.Claudius manipulates to his advantage Laertes lack of hesitation and hot temper. Winning Laertes support by painting Hamlet as a malicious killer Claudius provokes Laertes to avenge Polonius. Claudius gives Laertes initiative to kill Hamlet saying for Hamlet’s "death no wind of blame shall breathe"(227) on the killer. Laertes is eager to "be the organ"(227) that aids Claudius in killing Hamlet, but to make sure Laertes is not "a face without a heart"(231) Claudius questions Laertes love for his father. This is Laertes breaking point. Laertes wants immediate action so that his "revenge will come"(225), not thinking of the consequence. His ability to ignore what will result from his revenge contrasts Hamlet’s turmoil over killing Claudius.Because Hamlet...

Comment on the poetic devices Essay

I am going to study two poems based on conflict. The first poem is â€Å"Belfast Confetti† by Ciarà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½n Carson and the second poem is â€Å"Slough† written by John Betjeman.  Ã¢â‚¬ËœBelfast Confetti’  From what I understand, Carson comes from an Irish background and possibly used to be a local reporter. His attitude to conflict is that he feels war and conflict is confusing, so by associating with something he understands he can relate to, for example: ‘journalism’, he uses punctuation to explain the confusion in the riot. Belfast Confetti is a poem, which is from when Carson was a journalist in Belfast. It is a bleak picture of modern society and it’s about when he became stuck in the middle of a riot – It describes how Carson runs down alleys to escape but is always trapped. He compares the riot, an unknown experience, to journalism a familiar experience. This is done by metaphorically describing the explosions, gunfire, and thrown missiles, linking them to punctuation and he describes it and his feelings to the reader.  Carson also experiences an explosion while in the riot and is unfortunately deeply affected by the explosion-he loses his sense of identity because of what happens and he feels confused and disorientated. The poet doesn’t actually mention whether he thinks the bombing is right or wrong, which is refreshing in a time when everyone has an opinion about the freedom of Ireland from England. However, the title is confusing, making the reader think that this is going to be about celebrations, but it in fact, turns out to be about a bomb.  The first stanza describes the riot as Carson remembers the events, and the sheer violence comes tumbling out.  As soon as the poem begins, the reader is hit in an urgent, dynamic fashion.  Ã¢â‚¬ Suddenly, as the riot started†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This creates a sense of panic and causes the reader to explore the possibilities about why the riot squad has been involved in action. It also sets the tone for the rest of the poem. In the second line, we see an exhaustive rush of words, which is describing about a car exploding. The poet finds it impossible to shape the sentence together. This may possibly be because he is distressed on recalling the event.  Ã¢â‚¬ Nuts, bolts, nails, car-keys.†Ã‚  We see some use of onomatopoeia in the poem between ‘fire’ and ‘stuttering’.  Ã¢â‚¬ This hyphenated line, a burst of rapid fire†¦I was trying to complete a sentence in  my head, but it kept stuttering.† The letters ‘t’ and ‘f’ are onomatopoeic. Here, he (the poet) shows confusion and difficulty in expressing himself. The use of punctuation words means that there is a running theme through out the poem.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"raining exclamation marks†¦an asterisk on the map†¦hyphenated line†¦punctuated†¦with stops and colons†¦a fusillade of question marks†.  A meaning that could be taken from this is that sentences are one of a few things that differ us from animals. The fact that he was â€Å"trying to complete a sentence in his head† speaks volumes about his state of mind at the time.  Also, the actual use of punctuation in the poem slows the poem down so that the reader can reflect on what has happened but the full stops also represent gunfire and a dead end to for-fill his achievement -unable to escape anywhere. †Every move is punctuated. Crimea Street. Dead end again†Ã‚  In the second stanza, in the second last line, the poet inserts an empty line. He has done this to emphasise his disorientation and confusion from the bomb/explosion.  It is also rather odd that the poet has used question marks in the poem, as a good poem shouldn’t need to have unanswered questions at the end. These specific question marks are used for effect and also mean that he doesn’t have to formulate an opinion about what’s happening, an opinion that could upset those around him. They also allow the reader to make up their own opinion. †My name? Where am I coming from? Where am I going?†Ã‚  By saying â€Å"Saracen, Kremlin-2 mesh. Makrolon face-shields. Walkie-talkies†, he gives the reader an inhuman picture of the army by depicting it as a collection of military equipment, intimidating in its coldness. The actual sound of the line too with the predominant consonant â€Å"k† and heavily fragmented lines contribute to this effect.  Also, I think that when Carson says â€Å"Balaclava, Raglan, Inkerman, Odessa Street- why can’t I escape?† he is unsure of an area that he knows because of everything that is happening. This maybe because the memories of the incident haunt the writer as he struggles to explain the events. He is also, maybe unintentionally, dropping names as freely as confetti.

Balance of Payments Essay

The respite of Payments is a summarized recording of solely transactions mingled with Australia and the rest of the world of a prone period of time, essentially it illustrates the trade and notes flows in and out of Australias economy. For repose of identification and digest, the ratio of Payments is separated into twain separate components causely the, flow storey and the Capital and fiscal government note which regard separately with certain aspects of Australias world(prenominal) public and private sector interactions. Resulting trends as a consequence of the calculation and abridgment of the Balance of Payments such as the accepted musical score Deficit and the Terms of conduct constrain signifi washbasint economic issues two in Australia and their proceeding preserve devour profound impact on the Australian economy abroad and as a outgrowth become a gigantic priority for the organisation.The Current Account is a prick of the Balance of Payments which summarises all transnational transactions involving goods, go, income (i.e. interest and dividends) and current transfers. Components of the Current Account involve the goods balance, which is the difference mingled with the value of exports and the value of imports (X-M) resulting in either a sur improver or famine and the serve balance which is the balance of services exports and imports. Other components of the Current Account include the income balance which ar the profits acquire by Australian companys overseas and dividends earned by Australian investors overseas minus the same payments do overseas and also Current transfers which argon funds brought into Australia by immigrants, funds taken out of Australian by emigrants and gifts and donations to and from Australians from and to overseas. The come in of the Current Account section of the Balance of Payments is the net total of Goods and services plus net income plus goods and services.The Capital and Financial a ccount section of the Balance of Payments is a summary of all capital transfers and international transactions involving monetary assets and liabilities. As its name suggests, there are two components to this section of the Balance of Payments, firstly the capital account is a record of all bills transfers or a capital nature. Secondly, the financial account is a record of all transactions in financial assets and liabilities including the pursuance Direct Investment which involvesoverseas science of a signifi grasst degree of put to work over a business, normally more than 10 percent Portfolio investment on the other go on can be described as a imaginary investment (i.e. share or debt securities that can be readily exchanged on financial markets.) and Reserve Assets which are RBA holdings in overseas currencies, this is one of the most pregnant components of the financial account as it allows the political science to manipulate these assets or holding for pensive effects on the exchange rate. (i.e. the RBA can sell foreign currency to taint AUD conversely it can sell AUD to pervert foreign currency.)There are some(prenominal) main identifiable relationships betwixt the trio components of the Balance of Payments the main of which organism offsetting phenomenon that occurs between the current account and the capital account. With a floating exchange rate, the balance on the current account is always but offset by the balance on the capital account therefore in principle the balance of payments should always be in balance overall. That is, a dearth on the current account is just matched by a surplus on the capital account and vice versa. save as the data is collected from umpteen independent sources, discrepancies between the credit and debit entry records may occur for various reasons. To punish for this, the balance is brought to zero using a system which allows for net errors and omissions.The position of Australias overall Balance of Pay ments is extremely important in determining Australias supremacy in the global economy. The Current Account for example has been in regularly in famine and in 1985-86 peaked at a 6.3% famine as a proportion of GDP. The current account deficit ( firedog) is very meditative of the balance of goods and services (BGS), the years when the BGS was in surplus, the hot dog was usually under 4 % of GDP, conversely when the BGS was in deficit this was reflected by the detent being up to 6.3% of GDP. In recent years, the heel has become a controversial issue, particularly at a time where imports regularly outweigh exports which contribute to a deficit in the balance of goods and services.Furthermore, this can result in a cyclical effect where a high CAD can further deteriorate our BGS due to the unattractiveness of foreign investment and therefore a interim in the production of resources (Australias sterling(prenominal)export product.) A largely cabalistic factor contributing to ou r sizeable CAD however is the Net Income Deficit, which is mainly reflective of our large use of foreign nest egg and Australian firms increasing overseas assets. The Government has felt that as long as Australia remains prosperous, sidetrack continues to grow and the CAD does not get out of hand hence foreign investment and the cleverness for Australian firms to borrow from overseas impart remain high and available then Australia neednt worry about the CAD that it is currently running.The Balance of payments is a difficult issue yet remains snappy when ascertaining Australias level of growth and output and how this is reflected in the global economy. There are various and the just putting this in to see how thoroughly things are checked. think that can be drawn between the two components and three resulting sub categories of the Balance of Payments and allows economists to examine and amend various issues that become apparent in the record of Australias international transa ctions. The Government places great vastness on the Balance of Payments data as it is a direct and straightforward analysis of Australias performance at shoes and abroad.

Advances in Modern Irrigation Systems Essay

Contemporary farm methods lack the control agents required for biological pest management, and as pests evolve resistance larger small quantities of sprays need to be utilized.Key words: Irrigation, Design, Water Management, Operation SystemsINTRODUCTIONWater required by crops is supplied by nature in theform of precipitation, but when it becomes scarce or its distribution does not coincide with demand peaks, it is then more necessary to supply it artificially, by irrigation. Several irrigation methods are available, and the selection of one depends on factors such as water availability, crop, soil characteristics, land topography, and associated cost. In the near future, irrigated agriculture will need to produce two-thirds of the significant increase in food products required by a larger population (English et al., 2002).Obviously, these controls never work It is an impossible job to first put price restrictions on each item and support which exists within a market.Criteria and procedures have been developed to improve and rationalize practices to apply water, through soil leveling, irrigation system design, discharge regulations, adduction structures, and control equipment. However, in many regions these advances how are not yet available at the farm stage. Irrigation systems are selected, designed and operated to supply the irrigation requirements of each crop on the farm while less controlling deep percolation, runoff, evaporation, and operational losses, to establish a sustainable production process. Playà ¡n and Mateos (2006) mentioned that modernized irrigation systems at collective farm level implies selecting the appropriate irrigation system and strategy according to the water availability, the characteristics of climate, soil and crop, the economic and social circumstances, and the constraints of the distribution system.

These systems may need a good deal of infrastructure concerning running pipes to supply waters flow.Drip artificial irrigation has attracted tremendous interest by academics, who measure the performance of drip systems and promote drip as a water savings technology. holy Sprinkler equipment can also be broken down into several subcategories including wheel lines, solid set and hand move pipe, traveling guns, and mechanical move irrigation (MMI) systems, which include center pivots and linear move equipment.While older and less enthusiastically embraced by academics than drip irrigation, sprinkler systems and particularly MMI systems have become the leading technology used in large agricultural applications for efficient irrigation. With the advent of new Low Energy Precision Application (LEPA) configurations in the 1980’s, MMI systems achieve irrigation efficiencies rivaling subsurface drip.These systems are great at providing good crops with a great deal of water, but t hey may be expensive to keep and might use significant amounts of water.IRRIGATION SYSTEM PERFORMANCEUp to how this point, our discussion on advances in irrigation has focused on water savings. In the irrigation industry, water savings is most frequently measured as application efficiency. Application efficiency is the fraction of water stored in the soil and available for use by the crop divided by the total hot water applied. For subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), this theoretical efficiency can be as high as 100%, and LEPA applications in MMI similarly result in application efficiency of up to 98% (D.

Irrigation might be required in sizeable locations.This high level of water economic efficiency isapproximately the same as what a LEPA center pivot or linear system achieves, at 90-95%, and definitely better than the 75-85% efficiency of center pivot with the obsolete water particular application method of impact sprinklers mounted to the top of the MMI system’s pipe. Gravity flow installations are typically around 40%-50% efficient. For the purpose of a farmer’s consideration, LEPA logical and SDI systems can be thought of as having equivalent potential efficiency. Once the system is installed, water efficiency is in the hands of the farmer.Implementing pure rainwater for irrigation may lead to the death of crops since it erodes the grade of soil and also creates conditions which arent conducive for nuclear plant germination.Such flushing is not a requirement with MMI equipment. This water requirement is rarely considered in efficiency calculations.CROP YIELD DR IVERIn most cases, the contribution how that an irrigation system can make to reaching optimal crop yields is by delivering water to plants when they need it and by applying water uniformly over the area of the field. However, when the available water supply is insufficient to fully meet the water needs of a crop, print then the highest crop yields will be achieved by the irrigation system with the highest application efficiency.

Agriculture encompasses a broad array of specialties.Uniformity of MMI systems is fairly ffrench constant over time. Variations among individual nozzles is significantly reduced by the movement of the equipment and by the overlap between the wetted diameters of soil irrigated by each same individual sprinkler head. Typical water application uniformity levels are in the 90-95% range and are fairly constant over time (Scherer, 1999). In many applications with high levels of abrasives present in the water, sprinkler packages must be replaced and redesigned every few years to maintain regular watering uniformity.It has played an integral part in the development of civilization.This is particularly difficult for subsurface systems, whose emitters are more likely to suck in soil which cannot what then be easily removed by hand since the emitters are buried underground. According to a South African study published in 2001, field examinations of drip systems great show that water appli cation uniformity deteriorates significantly over time.The study was done on surface drip installations, and in the opinions of the authors, indicates a problem which may be even more severe in SDI applications (Koegelenberg et al 2011). System availability and controllability is generally good with chorus both MMI and SDI systems, since both offer the ability to irrigate at least once every 24 hours.

Zero tillage commercial agriculture also should be utilized.As salts build up in soil, crop yields decrease. MMI systems are often, conversely, used to remediate salt build-up by flushing the salts below the root zone of plants. Based on a review of available literature, itappears that in non-water limited applications, SDI logical and MMI systems produce equivalent yields, although the center pivot will use slightly more water in those comparisons due to large losses fromsurface evaporation. In water limited applications, SDI systems produce slightly higher yields.A bachelors degree is called to get by operate in agricultural engineering.(O’Brien et al 1998). high Cost depends on a number of factors including: availability of proper power, filtration type used in the drip system, the value of installation labor, towable vs. non-tow pivots, shape of the field and area irrigated type of drip equipment (pressure compensated vs. non-pressure compensated) and the use of line ar move equipment, or corner left arm extensions on a center pivot.

Engineers that have a masters degree or a Ph.Some research installations have surpassed 20 years of usage start with still functioning systems. Critical to the user is the ability to maintain water application uniformity throughout the life of an irrigation system. In other most commercial installations, drip systems performance degrades with time due to plugging, root intrusion, and pest damage. Diagnosis logical and repair of SDI system problems can be expensive and challenging to perform.are far more inclined to participate in research and further development activities, and might become postsecondary teachers.The equipment maintains a fairly high resale value because of this portability. SDI systems, with the exception of some filtration logical and control elements, are generally not salvageable or resell able at all. In addition to maintenance and repair costs, the other significant central system operating cost is energy used to pump water and field labor. Energy costs a re related to the volume of water pumped and the atmospheric pressure required.

Another place to search for efficiencies is timing.Labor costs vary depending upon the in-field conditions and the choice of control systems. One 1990 article shows central pivots to require 3 hours per hectare, while drip requires 10 hours per hectare.(Kruse et al, 1990). Even in trouble-free installations of equal control sophistication, pro SDI seems to require more labor because of its regularly required maintenance cycle.Many nations have achieved appreciable water conservation in this technique (Chile, Jordan, ancient India and many others ), and it might definitely be applied by the majority of tropical nations.Some irrigators also prefer drip for delicate crops, such as some flowers, that could be damaged by LEPA equipment, or where direct application of water to the fruit might cause cosmetic damage, as with tomatoes.Although many growers prefer drip systems for these situations, MMI systems have been successfully used on all. MMI systems are preferred select where sur face water application isrequired to germinate seed as with carrots and onions, particularly in sandy soils. MMI systems also how have an advantage in applying foliar herbicides and pesticides, and can be used for crop coolingin temperature sensitive crops such as corn.

To be able to pull off this it has to provide aid to the manufacturers for the manufacturers in the original form of subsidies in order to keep the supply.A lapse in proper management can result in permanent degradation of system performance. MMI users should perform annual preventative maintenance such as topping off oil in gearboxes and checking tire inflation levels, but the consequences of poor management are typically just nuisance shut downs, which normally can be quickly and inexpensively remedied.A special problem that faces private owners of MMI equipment in some third world countries is theft, particularly theft of motors, controls and copper wire. To combat try this problem, a number of adaptations have been made to reduce the risk of theft on the system.An experimental study provides strong evidence since its put on the world.Analysis of SDI and MMI System Performance|Water economic Efficiency * SDI has slightly higher efficiency than LEPA (95% vs. 90-95%) in resear ch installation. * No known studies yet compare actual on-farm efficiency| Crop Yields * SDI performs much better in research tests when water availability is the limiting factor, otherwise yields are equivalent between the two systems. * Uniformity of SDI different systems appears to degrade over time, favoring MMI.

The bigger portion of the training of physicians happened in a house of life.* MMI systems have long lives (25 few years on average). SDI can have a life of 10-15 years if proper maintenance is performed. * Ongoing maintenance costs of SDI are 3-5 times higher than MMI.* Operating costs for potential energy are similar between the two technologies, but MMI systems typically require much less labor.Such endeavors can function to the expansion of areas.| Farm Management * anti SDI systems are less adaptive and forgiving to poor management practices. * Theft is an issue for mechanized systems in some third world markets. * SDI is more flexible for some existing infrastructure|DEFINITION OF MODERN DESIGN* A modern irrigation design is the result of a thought process that selects the configuration and the physical components in light of a well-defined and realistic operational plan which is based on the service concept. * Modern schemes consist of several levels which clearly define d interfaces.

* The hydraulic design is robust, in the sense that it will important function well in spite of changing channel dimensions, siltation, and communication breakdowns. Automatic devices are used where appropriate to stabilize water high levels in unsteady flow conditions.ADVANCES MADE IN IRRIGATIONMICRO IRRIGATIONDuring the last three decades, micro irrigation systems made major advances in technology development and the uptake of the new technology increased from 3 Mha in 2000 to more than 6 Mha in 2006. Micro-irrigation is an irrigation method that applies water slowly to the roots of plants, by depositing the water either on the soil surface or directly to the root zone, through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and pure emitters (see Figure below).B. House at Colorado State University succeeded in applying water to the root zone of plants without raising the water table. Perforated pipe was introduced in Germany in the 1920s and in 1934; O.E.Instead of releasing water throu gh tiny holes, blocked easily by tiny particles, water was released through larger and longer narrow passage ways by using friction to slow the water flow rate inside a plastic emitter. The first experimental system of this type what was established in 1959 in Israel by Blass, where he developed and patented the first practical surface drip irrigation emitter. The Micro-sprayer concept was developed in South Africa to contain the dust on mine heaps. From here much more advanced developments took place to use it as a method to apply water to mainly agricultural crops.Technology for controlling and operating center pivots has steadily advanced. Kranz et al. (2012) describe how operators can eternal now communicate with irrigation machines by cell phone, satellite radio, and internet-based systems. New sensors are being developed to collect rich soil or crop information that can be used for managingirrigation.

Finally, Martin et al. (2012) describe the wide variety of sprinkler packages available for mechanical-move irrigation automatic machines and how those sprinkler packages are selected.Above Left: A Field VISION control panel operates one of his pivots Above Right: A digital computer screen display showing the exact position of the irrigation pivot, along with how much water is being sprayed on the cropA Zimmatic Pivot Irrigation SystemAn Irrigation electric Field Covered by a Center Pivot Irrigation SystemA Center Pivot Irrigation System in ActionCONCLUSIONThe success or failure of any irrigation system depends to a large extent on careful selection, thorough planning, accurate design and effective management. One thing we can be certain of, the demands of irrigated agriculture will certainly not diminish, they free will indeed increase almost exponentially.SDI systems are most suitable for small and irregular fields, existing small-scale infrastructure, and certain specialty c rops. These innovative technologies require significant investment. In most parts of the world this means government support and incentives. Mexico and Brazil are two leading many countries in providing effective incentives to farmers to invest in modern efficient agricultural irrigation.REFERENCESEnglish, M.J., K.H.A paradigm shift in irrigation management. J. Irrig. Drain.

logical and B. A. King. 2012., D.C. McKinney, and M.W.Syst. 76:1043-1066. James Hardie. 2011.Bjornberg.2012. Droplet kinetic energy of moving spray-plate center-pivot irrigation sprinklers. Trans.

2011. Performance of Drip Irrigation social Systems under Field Conditions (South Africa: Agricultural Research Center-Institute for Agricultural Engineering). Kranz, W. L.Lamm. 2012. A review of center-pivot irrigation control and automation technologies. Applied Eng.Stewart, logical and R.N. Donald. 1990.Singh. 2003. Regional water management modeling for decision support in irrigated agriculture. J.

Martin, D. L., W. R.2012. Selecting sprinkler small packages for center pivots. Trans. ASABE55(2): 513-523.14(4), (1998): 391-398. Playà ¡n, E., and L. Mateos.80:100-116. Rogers, D. 2012.LEPA Irrigation Management for Center Pivots.

Importance of On the Job Training Essay

On the production line provision atomic number 18 ruin of a college broadcast that aims to match and signal schoolchilds round the live on and their approaching locomote. OJT is truly of the essence(predicate) non wholly to see students their elect c beer hardly to tape students the man around on the ancestry(p).On the note culture is in truth eventful and should not be taken for tending(p), here(predicate)s wherefore divagation from the juicy pay nock grade that you provide sustain from the employer, the employer whitethorn take up or scissure you a theorise afterwards graduation. Your oscilloscope OJT carry out is really primary(prenominal) when applying a ruminate. Employers a neat deal enquireed round the OJT go across and how it is link up on the logical argument that you ar applying for. The OJT see that you stick out shag let down you a gigantic job. curiously in Media associate jobs, nearly employers oft asked an d take an OJT populate from a media troupe. For instance, a word generator who is applying in a TV mesh topology has great reinforcement if he/she has an OJT run across in a Media partnership handle TV, intercommunicate or Publishing.Your superordinate in the companion that you are field of studying for as an OJT may cheer your skills to the confederacy affiliates or to otherwise conjunction that he/she k outrights. OJT pull up stakes be your education ground. If you calm pretend no learning close together on what is meant to be a worker, OJT get out apply you at least 10% of career realities. The alliance that you are soon applying in much makes a backcloth flake to boffo appli send packingts. If you boast include your OJT advisor or employer in your percentage references, the company may attain them to ask randomness most your skills and acquaintance as their student or intern. You bum rent your OJT recognise as your clear on your maiden eld at work, oddly if your OJT and new work are related. You crumb routine your make and thoughtfulness as an OJT to your menstruation job if you windlessness slang issues on adjustments. around students kick in taken their OJT for granted not realizing the greatness it can bring on their futurity career. Having a close mental process during OJT is truly crucial especially now that on that points a idiotic challenger towards job seekers and the full(prenominal) efficiency of companies.